Abnormal vaginal bleeding is one of the most common causes for women to visit the clinic of obstetrics and gynecology.
There are several causes of vaginal bleeding including complications associated with pregnancy, hormonal imbalance, atrophic vaginal or endometrial bleeding of menopausal women, endometrial polyp or myoma, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer and cervical cancer. In the past, dilatation and curettage was considered as a gold standard to diagnosis of endometrial pathology. However, recent technologic development in the laparoscope and ultrasound made hysteroscopy and ultrasound be used widely and comfortably to diagnose endometrial pathology. Hysteroscopy is a new gold standard to diagnose endometrial pathology. Ultrasound with saline infusion has comparable sensitivity and specificity with hysteroscopy and has advantage of less invasiveness and lower cost than hysteroscopy